Germination Rate

Germination rate expresses the proportion of seeds that produce a normal seedling under controlled laboratory conditions, reported as a percentage on the seed tag. It is a key factor in calculating seeding rates — a lower germination rate means more seed must be planted per acre to achieve the desired plant population. Certified seed typically has germination rates above 85–95%, depending on the crop. Factors that reduce germination include seed age, improper storage (high moisture or temperature), mechanical damage during harvest, and seed-borne disease. Farmers should always check the germination date on the seed tag, as rates decline over time.